What is tooth extraction?

Tooth extraction is the removal of a tooth from its socket in the jawbone. The procedure falls into two main categories based on how difficult the tooth is to remove.

A simple extraction applies to teeth that are visible above the gumline and loose enough to remove with basic instruments. The dentist uses an elevator to loosen the tooth and forceps to withdraw it. Most single-rooted front teeth (incisors and canines) fall into this category. Simple extraction typically takes a few minutes per tooth.

Surgical extraction becomes necessary when a tooth is impacted, fractured below the gumline, or has curved roots that resist simple removal. The dentist or oral surgeon makes an incision in the gum, sometimes removes bone around the tooth, and may section the tooth into pieces for removal. This approach requires more time and skill, and practitioners often refer complex cases to oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

After extraction, patients should expect bleeding for the first hour, managed by biting on gauze. Swelling and discomfort peak around day two and usually settle within a week. Avoid drinking through straws, smoking, or vigorous rinsing for several days, as these actions can disturb the blood clot that forms in the socket and delay healing. Some dentists recommend soft foods and rest for the first 24 hours.