What is periodontitis?
Periodontitis is a severe infection of the gums and bone that supports teeth, caused by bacterial buildup and often resulting in tooth loss if left untreated.
When gingivitis goes untreated, it can progress into periodontitis, a more serious form of gum disease that affects not just the gum tissue but the underlying bone and ligaments holding teeth in place. Periodontitis occurs when bacteria accumulate below the gum line, triggering inflammation and bone loss around the tooth roots.
The disease develops in stages. Early periodontitis may cause bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, and gum recession. As it advances, deeper pockets form between teeth and gums, allowing more bacteria to collect. This leads to further bone deterioration and eventual tooth mobility or loss.
People with poor oral hygiene, smoking history, or certain health conditions face higher risk. Unlike gingivitis, which is reversible, periodontitis causes permanent damage to bone and supporting structures, though it can be managed and slowed with professional care.
General dentists and specialists can assess the extent of bone loss through X-rays and clinical examination. Early detection is crucial because once bone is lost, it cannot fully regenerate. Managing periodontitis typically involves removing bacterial deposits, controlling infection, and establishing better home care routines. If you notice bleeding gums or loose teeth, it is important to visit a general dentistry provider for evaluation before the condition advances.