What are fixed braces (orthodontic brackets and wires)?

Fixed braces are a form of orthodontic treatment where small brackets are bonded directly to the front surface of each tooth and connected by a thin metal archwire. The archwire exerts constant, gentle pressure on the brackets, which transmit force to the teeth roots, gradually moving them into straighter positions and correcting bite problems over time.

The brackets come in two main types. Metal brackets are the most common and durable, made from stainless steel and designed to withstand the forces of tooth movement. Ceramic brackets are less visible because they match the tooth colour, though they are more fragile and typically cost more. Both types function the same way mechanically.

Treatment typically lasts between 18 months and three years, depending on the severity of crowding or misalignment and how well the patient follows care instructions. During this time, the archwire is adjusted or replaced at regular appointments to maintain and increase the movement. Teeth may feel sore for a day or two after adjustment as they begin to shift.

After the braces are removed, retainers must be worn to hold the teeth in their new positions. Without retention, teeth can drift back towards their original positions. Retainers may be fixed (bonded to the back of teeth) or removable (worn nightly).