What is a dental crown?

A dental crown is a tooth-shaped cap that fully covers a tooth above the gum line. It restores a tooth that has been damaged by decay, trauma, or previous treatment, or strengthens one that is too weak to function on its own. The crown holds the remaining tooth structure together and protects it from further damage.

Crowns are fitted when a tooth cannot be saved by filling or bonding alone, or after root canal treatment to seal and protect the treated tooth. They are also used to support a bridge, cover a dental implant, or improve the appearance of a severely discolored or misshapen tooth.

Common crown materials include:

• Zirconia: A strong ceramic that resists staining and works well for front and back teeth.
• Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM): Metal underneath with a tooth-colored porcelain layer on top, offering durability and a natural look.
• Metal alloys: Gold or other alloys, chosen for their strength and biocompatibility, though less common for visible teeth.

The fitting process typically takes two or more appointments. At the first visit, the dentist removes decay, shapes the tooth, takes an impression, and fits a temporary crown. The permanent crown is then crafted in a laboratory and cemented in place at the second visit.